In many anuran species, vocalizations play an important role in the establishment of their social organization. From March 2004 to January 2006 calls of Aplastodiscus arildae and A. leucopygius were recorded in the Serra do Japi, Municipality of Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil. We identified three different calls for both studied species and their functions were determined analyzing the social context in which they were emitted. We measured the following call parameters: minimum and maximum frequency of the harmonics, dominant frequency, intensity of the calls, interval between calls, repetition rates, and duration of the calls. Advertisement call parameters of A. arildae and A. leucopygius agree with the data available in the literature. However, in the present study, new information on the advertisement call of A. leucopygius and its social implication and the description of territorial and courtship calls of A. arildae were obtained.